Explorations of an Ecologist: August 2019

Friday, 30 August 2019

A quick trip to Ecuador, Part 5 (Papallacta Pass, again)

Part 1: Intoduction, Mindo Valley (March 24, 2019)
Part 2: Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary (March 25, 2019)
Part 3: Mindo Waterfall Trail, Papallacta Pass (March 26, 2019)
Part 4: Guango Lodge (March 27, 2019)
Part 5: Papallacta Pass (March 27, 2019)
Part 6: Travel to Sani Lodge, first night hike (March 28, 2019)
Part 7: First full day at Sani Lodge (March 29, 2019)
Part 8: Second full day at Sani Lodge (March 30, 2019)
Part 9: Amazonian river islands (March 31, 2019)
Part 10: Last nighthike, final morning at Sani Lodge (March 31 - April 1, 2019)

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March 27, 2019 (continued)

I had read of a ranger station near the Papallacta hot springs where two rare species - the Masked Mountain-Tanager and Black-backed Bush Tanager - could be located in the nearby elfin forest. I believe this was near the area where there a Crescent-faced Antpitta could also be lured in with tapes (although apparently it has been "taped out" and is very difficult now). Unfortunately by the time we arrived in the town of Papallacta the clouds had descended; or rather, we had ascended into the clouds. A sideways mist was blowing and the conditions were a little less than ideal. We had some issues finding the exact access road and started getting a little frustrated. We passed by the Jamanco hot springs and decided on a whim to go for a soak.

This was a supremely good idea. The hot springs were amazing and it was great to chat with some of the locals as well! All the while, the fog thickened and mist intensified.

Once we finished at the hot springs we decided that we might as well head back to the Polylepis patch near the Papallacta Pass to look for the Giant Conebills again. Rain or not, I was going to give it my best shot!

Paramo near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

In a stroke of good fortune we left most of the clouds behind us as we inched close to 4,000 m in elevation. By the time I had stopped at the Polylepis patch the mist had completely stopped and the sun even peeked out for a few minutes at a time.

Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Laura decided to have a nap in the car while I did a quick check of the Polylepis forest. This time I birded the much larger patch, located east of the first patch that we explored during the previous afternoon. Bird activity was much better and I quickly noted Tawny Antpitta, Paramo Tapaculo and a Brown-backed Chat Tyrant.

A little while later some chip notes drew my attention. I followed the source of the sounds and was soon situated at the edge of a small mixed flock of birds. My attention was on high alert. This was the domain of the Giant Conebill after all, an enigmatic and charismatic species found at low densities and only in these high elevation Polylepis forests.

White-throated Tyrannulet - Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Cinereous Conebill - Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Pearled Treerunner - Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

White-throated Tyrannulets and Pearled Treerunners were the major players in this mixed flock with smaller contributions by Cinereous Conebills and Spectacled Redstarts. Some movement down low drew my attention to a few skulkers which materialized into Black-backed Bush Tangers. Awesome! A few quick "record shots" and then they were gone.

Black-backed Bush Tanager - Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

And then it happened. Some movement on a moss-covered branch above me caused me to instinctively raise my bins. Obscenities were whispered so as to not scare the bird. It was actually a Giant Conebill!!

Giant Conebill - Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Hands shaking, I fired off a number of photos and then reached back for my binoculars. Over the next two minutes I followed the nuthatch doppelgänger around, watching it quietly forage in the branches of the Polylepis.

Giant Conebill - Polylepis forest near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

By the time I had hiked back to the car the sun was shining and the clouds were rolling down the mountain side away from us. We completed the short drive to the Papallacta Pass where the sun was shining high in the sky with just a few lingering clouds remaining. This is absolutely unheard of here; they say that the Papallacta Pass is a good place to visit if you like sideways rain.

Birding near the Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Laura and I walked along a gravel road that runs parallel to the highway (above) in hopes of spotting a Red-rumped Bush-Tyrant or Ecaudorian Hillstar. Unfortunately the hillstar's preferred flowers were not blooming and the bush-tyrant did not want to play ball either. Several Carunculated Caracaras flew overhead and we enjoyed great views of a few Chestnut-winged Cinclodes and Plumbeous Sierra-Finches.

Chestnut-winged Cinclodes - Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Chesnut-winged Cinclodes - Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

It was now around 2:00 PM and we had one more major target bird to search for. The Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe is one of four species of seedsnipes, all found throughout the Andes. While most closely related to shorebirds, seedsnipes seem to fill the ecological niche that ptarmigans fill in the northern hemisphere. The Rufous-bellied is limited to extremely high elevations with minimal vegetation in the Andes. An isolated population occurs in the highlands of Ecuador, while the rest of them are found from Central Peru south to Patagonia. This species is extremely sensitive to human disturbance, adding to its allure and difficulty. A set of radio towers in the Cayambe-Coca reserve near the Papallacta Pass is the most reliable place to see this species in Ecuador. However, it is a species easily missed by birders, often due to the effects of inclement weather and heavy fog.

We stopped at the entrance gate to the Cayambe-Coca Ecological Reserve and were pleasantly surprised to find out that we did not have to pay admission. The only problem was that the park would be closing at 5:00 PM, giving us a short window of about two hours to bird the park while still giving us a buffer to get out before they closed the gate.

I have to say, the scenery here was incredible!

Scenery on the road to the radio towers, Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

We stopped at a hillside where Ecuadorian Hillstars are often seen. That is, if their favourite shrubs with orange flowers are blooming. We were in luck and enjoyed great scope views of four of them. The Ecuadorian Hillstar is practically an Ecuador endemic, though it also ranges to extreme south Colombia.

Ecuadorian Hillstar - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

We soon found a few more high-elevation specialties including our first Stout-billed Cinclodes and Plain-capped Ground-Tyrants.

Stout-billed Cinclodes - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

Plain-capped Ground-Tyrant - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

We inched higher and higher into the reserve and by the time we reached the radio towers my phone was telling me that we were at an elevation of over 4,350 m.

We pulled up to the radio towers and I quickly checked the message on my phone from Mark Dorriesfield, detailing where he had seen the seedsnipes on his earlier visit here. I glanced up and there, sitting on the road in front of us, was a Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe!

Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

I was stunned by our luck. We watched the seedsnipe do her thing, foraging for (you guessed it) seeds among the edge of the road.

Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

She casually kept an eye on us and wandering around the back side of the building. With a little bit of patience it wasn't too difficult to acquire reasonable photos. What incredible detailing to her feathers.

Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

Laura and I were thrilled with the fruits of our labor. With the main targets out of the way we took some extra time for sight-seeing. It is rare that one can have complete panoramic views of the surrounding mountains here.

View from the radio towers, Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

View from the the radio towers, Papallacta Pass, Ecuador

Antisana (a volcano reaching over 5,700 in elevation) is normally obscured by fog and clouds, but it too was cresting through a cloud and looming over the rest of the landscape.

Antisana as viewed from the Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

We stopped a couple additional times while coming back down from the radio towers. Many of the same birds were seen but we also added Paramo Pipit, Brown-bellied Swallow and Andean Tit-Spinetail. An Andean Condor silently cruised overhead.

Chestnut-winged Cinclodes - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

Hiking in the Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

Gentiana sedifolia - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

Plain-capped Ground-Tyrant - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

Upon exiting back through the gate and signing out with the staff, we began making our way back west along the gravel road that runs parallel to the highway. I held out hope that a Red-rumped Bush-Tyrant would appear but alas, we had used up all of our luck for the day.

Tapiti - Papallacta Pass area, Ecuador

That evening we returned our rental car and grabbed a ride over to the airport hotel we had used previously. The "self-guided" portion of our quick Ecuador trip was over since in the morning we would be flying to Coca and from there, meeting the staff from Sani Lodge who would transport us into the Amazon.

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Thursday, 29 August 2019

A quick trip to Ecuador: Part 4 (Guango Lodge)

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March 27, 2019

We left the cottage at the reasonable time of 7:30 AM and made the fifteen minute drive down the mountain to Guango Lodge. One nice thing about birding in the high elevations is that early mornings are not really necessary.

Situated at 2,700 m in elevation, the montane forest surrounding Guango Lodge is noticeably more diverse than the Polylepis patches at the higher elevations, and with a different mix of birds present. I read somewhere that you can visit Guango for three hours for the price of 5$ so that is how we had our morning planned.

One of the main attractions at Guango Lodge is the extensive hummingbird feeder setup. There must have been thirty or more feeders at different locations around the lodge!

Chestnut-breasted Coronet - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Long-tailed Sylph - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Most of the hummingbirds here I had seen on a previous trip to Colombia but there were a few new ones. Chestnut-breasted Coronet was one of them, and this species was easily the most common hummingbird present.

Chestnut-breasted Coronet - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

On the species description on the eBird website, the Chestnut-breasted Coronet is described as "belligerent" and I could not agree more. Some of them would spend seemingly every bit of energy chasing away all other hummingbirds from their preferred feeders.

Chestnut-breasted Coronet - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The other new species of hummingbird for me was White-bellied Woodstar. At least six of these big bumble bees were counted in one corner of the garden.

White-bellied Woodstar - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

We noted eight hummingbird species in our first hour or so of observation which was less than I expected given how many individuals were around. Unfortunately we had no luck with Mountain Avocetbill (there are usually one or two around) or Sword-billed Hummingbird, but it was time to hit the trails.

Leaving the main lodge area we noticed a moth sheet that was set up a short ways away. Several moths could be seen clinging to the fabric or to the wooden supports, likely the remnants from the previous night's haul.

Amastus hyalina (above) and unidentified crambid moth (below) - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Synchlora sp. - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Pityeja histrionaria - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Crambid moth (family Crambidae) - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Hammaptera sp. - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The most obvious natural feature at Guango Lodge is the Rio Quijos which runs through the property. A decent trail system had been cut through the montane forest following the river while a utility corridor also appeared to have great potential for birding. We made our way down the muddy trail to the river, keeping our eyes open for elusive Torrent Ducks that frequent this river.

Rio Quijos, Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The Torrent Ducks remained hidden but we had success with some of the smaller birds. A big mixed flock moved through while Laura and I were walking along a ridge and due to the composition of the surrounding vegetation, they were practically at eye level. Capped Conebills, Spectacled Redstarts and Pearled Treerunners were the most common species in the flock but we saw many more, including Mountain Cacique, Black-crested Warbler, Turquoise Jay, Slaty and Pale-naped Brushfinches, Rufous Spinetail and more. One two occasions I heard Dusky Pihas calling but try as I might I could not get a visual. All in all it was a pretty birdy walk.

Strong-billed Woodcreeper - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Cinnamon Flycatcher and Long-tailed Sylph - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Pale-naped Brushfinch - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The potential in the forest here seems high for a lot of species and I wished that I had more time to explore the trails here. Among my hoped for species, I "dipped" on Andean Potoo (there is apparently one staked out somewhere here), Bar-bellied Woodpecker, Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant and Blueish Flowerpecker, as well as a whole host of species that I had seen before in Colombia and was hoping for a repeat encounter with. Just another reason to go back one day!

Slaty Brushfinch - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Capped Conebill - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The morning was initially quite cool with a heavy cloud layer but as the hours passed, the sun's intensity was enough to cause some butterflies to take to the wing.

Leptophobia penthica - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The above butterfly was not opening its wings, which I wanted to see to help with its identification. Laura had a brilliant idea and shined her flashlight on the butterfly. Instinctively it spread open, presumably feeling the warmth of the "sun".

Leptophobia penthica - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Pedaliodes asconia - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

The high rainfall levels here ensure that many different plants are flowering for much of the year. This species of Glory Bush is Tibouchina lepidota.

Tibouchina lepidota - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Before leaving the lodge we made one more pass at the hummingbird feeder setup.

Tourmaline Sunangel - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Long-tailed Sylph - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Tourmaline Sunangel - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

With about fifteen minutes remaining until we needed to leave, the star of the show dropped in. A Sword-billed Hummingbird! Identified as the bird species with the highest bill length to body size ratio, the Sword-billed Hummingbird specializes by feeding on flowers with long corollas which other hummingbird species cannot access. It was pretty funny watching the Sword-billed trying to feed from some of the hummingbird feeders, since it needed to hover at a significant distance from the feeder due to its insane bill. In the photo below it is sticking out its tongue, making the bill appear even longer than what it is.

Sword-billed Humminbird - Guango Lodge, Ecuador

Happy with our experience at Guango, we settled up the tab and hit the road. I forgot to mention, the 5$ entrance fee included tea, coffee and crackers as well. I highly recommend that any birders traveling through this area should stop and visit Guango - you will not be disappointed.

Laura and I hit the road and headed back west towards Papallacta. The day was still young and there were a few more birds I was hoping to find! That will be the subject of my next blog post.

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